Europe — The Established Centres

The European map of wealth was drawn over centuries: Swiss private banks formed in the eighteenth, City of London merchant houses in the seventeenth, Monaco's residence regime in the nineteenth. These are the cities to which families turn when the matter is institutional, multigenerational, and discreet. Tax regimes vary, but the rule of law is durable and the banking deep.

Jurisdictions in this region

Austria 1 city
Switzerland 2 cities
Cyprus 2 cities
Germany 3 cities
Spain 1 city
United Kingdom 1 city
Ireland 1 city
Luxembourg 1 city
Monaco 2 cities
Malta 1 city
Netherlands 1 city
Portugal 1 city

The cities, ranked.

#	City	Banking	Tax	Residency	Family Office	Privacy	Composite
1	London United Kingdom	98	100	70	100	98	96
2	Berlin Germany	97	99	72	100	95	93
3	Munich Germany	97	98	70	99	85	90
4	Zürich Switzerland	98	70	72	96	92	88
5	Luxembourg Luxembourg	98	86	82	88	82	87
6	Monaco Monaco	82	96	92	84	88	87
7	Dublin Ireland	85	86	82	96	89	86
8	Genève Switzerland	96	68	72	92	92	86
9	Monte-Carlo Monaco	82	96	92	82	88	86
10	Lisbon Portugal	85	93	88	88	72	85
11	Madrid Spain	87	72	78	96	70	84
12	Frankfurt am Main Germany	92	81	68	82	70	82
13	Vienna Austria	86	68	68	85	78	81
14	Amsterdam Netherlands	82	70	72	83	72	80
15	Limassol Cyprus	76	82	90	74	80	79
16	Valletta Malta	72	86	92	72	82	77
17	Larnaca Cyprus	72	80	90	70	80	76

All scores 0–100. Composite is a weighted aggregate of banking, tax, residency, luxury, internationality, privacy and family-office presence.