Europe — The Established Centres

The European map of wealth was drawn over centuries: Swiss private banks formed in the eighteenth, City of London merchant houses in the seventeenth, Monaco's residence regime in the nineteenth. These are the cities to which families turn when the matter is institutional, multigenerational, and discreet. Tax regimes vary, but the rule of law is durable and the banking deep.

Jurisdictions in this region

Andorra 1 city
Austria 1 city
Belgium 1 city
Switzerland 2 cities
Cyprus 2 cities
Germany 7 cities
Denmark 1 city
Spain 6 cities
Finland 1 city
France 4 cities
United Kingdom 1 city
Ireland 1 city
Italy 2 cities
Liechtenstein 1 city
Luxembourg 1 city
Monaco 2 cities
Malta 1 city
Netherlands 1 city
Norway 1 city
Portugal 1 city
Sweden 1 city
San Marino 1 city

The cities, ranked.

#	City	Banking	Tax	Residency	Family Office	Privacy	Composite
1	London United Kingdom	98	88	70	100	98	94
2	Munich Germany	97	88	70	99	85	89
3	Zürich Switzerland	98	70	72	96	92	88
4	Luxembourg Luxembourg	98	86	82	88	82	87
5	Monaco Monaco	82	96	92	84	88	87
6	Dublin Ireland	85	86	82	96	89	86
7	Genève Switzerland	96	68	72	92	92	86
8	Monte-Carlo Monaco	82	96	92	82	88	86
9	Lisbon Portugal	85	93	88	88	72	85
10	Madrid Spain	87	72	78	96	70	84
11	Frankfurt am Main Germany	92	81	68	82	70	82
12	Vienna Austria	86	68	68	85	78	81
13	Amsterdam Netherlands	82	70	72	83	72	80
14	Limassol Cyprus	76	82	90	74	80	79
15	Valletta Malta	72	86	92	72	82	77
16	Larnaca Cyprus	72	80	90	70	80	76
17	Berlin Germany	68	58	70	70	68	71
18	Andorra la Vella Andorra	—	—	—	—	—	—
19	Antibes France	—	—	—	—	—	—
20	Barcelona Spain	—	—	—	—	—	—
21	Brussels Belgium	—	—	—	—	—	—
22	Cannes France	—	—	—	—	—	—
23	Copenhagen Denmark	—	—	—	—	—	—
24	Düsseldorf Germany	—	—	—	—	—	—
25	Hamburg Germany	—	—	—	—	—	—
26	Helsinki Finland	—	—	—	—	—	—
27	Ibiza Spain	—	—	—	—	—	—
28	Köln Germany	—	—	—	—	—	—
29	Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain	—	—	—	—	—	—
30	Marbella Spain	—	—	—	—	—	—
31	Milan Italy	—	—	—	—	—	—
32	Nice France	—	—	—	—	—	—
33	Oslo Norway	—	—	—	—	—	—
34	Palma Spain	—	—	—	—	—	—
35	Paris France	—	—	—	—	—	—
36	Rome Italy	—	—	—	—	—	—
37	San Marino San Marino	—	—	—	—	—	—
38	Stockholm Sweden	—	—	—	—	—	—
39	Stuttgart Germany	—	—	—	—	—	—
40	Vaduz Liechtenstein	—	—	—	—	—	—

All scores 0–100. Composite is a weighted aggregate of banking, tax, residency, luxury, internationality, privacy and family-office presence.